{"id":528,"date":"2009-05-27T17:49:19","date_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:49:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=528"},"modified":"2009-05-27T17:49:19","modified_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:49:19","slug":"%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e8%ab%96%e8%bf%b0%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%9a%e9%9b%85%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2-%e6%b1%9f%e5%a7%ae%e5%a7%ac%e5%a0%b1%e5%91%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=528","title":{"rendered":"\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2  \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u5831\u544a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;TEXT-ALIGN:center;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2<\/font><\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><br \/><font size=\"3\">\u3000<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;TEXT-ALIGN:center;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u6587\uff0f\u4f46\u662d\u5049\u3000\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u6240<span lang=\"EN-US\"><\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u901a\u8b58\u6559\u80b2\u627f\u8f09\u8457\u5927\u5b78\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u5411\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u7372\u5f97\u4f46\u662d\u5049\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u6bcf\u671f\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002 \u2014\u2014\u7de8\u8005\u6309 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c \u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">liberal education\uff09 \u662f\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u578b\u614b\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6e90\u9060\u6d41\u9577\uff0c\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u578b\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6709\u591a\u7aef\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u6cdb\u6307\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002 <\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u9019\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5728\u6210\u5c31\u5fc3\u9748\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u9054\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5247\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08\u5982<span lang=\"EN-US\">Plato\u3001Aristotle\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7570\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u6709\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u6b63\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u767c\u5c55\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7372\u5f97\u5b8c\u6eff\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u6210\u9577\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5354\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6c42\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff1b\u77e5\u8b58\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5047\u5982\u662f\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u7684\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u963b\u7919\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u5b8c\u6eff\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u4e00\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8207\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8077\u696d\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u6280\u85dd\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u9084\u6709\u4eba\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7296\u7296\u5927\u8005\u5982Matthew Arnold \u548c John Henry Newman\u3002 <\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u6307\u7684\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8b58\u6559\u80b2\uff08<span lang=\"EN-US\">general 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\u5982\u900f\u904e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3001\u6c42\u77e5\u617e\u53ca\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7406\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b)\u3002\u5c31\u9762\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u6025\u901f\u5206\u5316\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u901a\u8b58\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6025\u901f\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u5c08\u7cbe\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u50c5\u7121\u6cd5\u638c\u63e1\u6574\u5168\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u853d\u65bc\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u5931\u53bb\u5171\u901a\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u6e9d\u901a\u65bc\u662f\u6108\u5f62\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u6700\u5f8c\u4e0d\u514d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u901a\u8b58\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u65bc\u662f\u518d\u5ea6\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u8457\u773c\u9ede\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u907f\u514d\u500b\u4eba\u898b\u8b58\u53ca\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u890a\u72f9\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u800c\u907f\u514d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u901a\u8b58\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5c08\u7cbe\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff08specialized training\uff09\u3002John Henry Newman \u548c\u82f1\u570b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6Paul Hirst \u90fd\u5021\u5c0e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002 <\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u61c9\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u80fd\u529b\uff08<\/font><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">autonomy\uff09\u4f86\u66ff\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u505a\u6289\u64c7\uff1b\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u8b93\u500b\u4eba\u5177\u5099\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c 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\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u80fd\u4f7f\u53d7\u6559\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6289\u64c7\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u5177\u5099\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u4e14\u660e\u667a\u7684\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u975e\u5a01\u6b0a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08non-authoritarian education\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5a01\u6b0a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff08authoritarian education\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5177\u555f\u8499\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u64c1\u8b77\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u3002 <\/font><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u675c\u5a01\u5c31\u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u53cd\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5247\u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u6392\u65a5\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\uff1b\u82f1\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6<span lang=\"EN-US\">Mary Warnock \u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8d0a\u6210\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u3002 <\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u3000 \u53cd\u5c0d\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff08\u5982<span lang=\"EN-US\">K. Harris\uff09\u3001\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08\u5982A.S. Neill\uff09\u3001\u8a8d\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u61c9\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c \u90fd\u6297\u62d2\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u8005G.H.Bantock \u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u53ea\u9069\u5408\u4e2d\u4e0a\u8cc7\u8cea\u7684\u53d7\u6559\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN:0cm 43.2pt 0pt 9pt;LINE-HEIGHT:150%;\"><span style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/font><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\"> <br \/>1. Charles Bailey, \u300aLiberal education reconsidered \u300b in N. Entwistle(ed.), Handbook of edu cationalideas and practice, <\/font><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\"><font size=\"3\">London<\/font><\/span><font size=\"3\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\">:RKP, 1990, pp. 52-60.<br \/>2. Paul Hirst, \u300aLiberal education and the nature of knowledge \u300b, in Knowledge and the curriculum, London:RKP, 1974, pp.30-53.<br \/>3 . R. S. Peters, Education and the education of teacher, <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\">London<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"FONT-FAMILY:\u65b0\u7d30\u660e\u9ad4;\">:RKP, 1977,pp. 68-85.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6559\u80b2\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7684\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2\u3000 \u6587\uff0f\u4f46\u662d\u5049\u3000\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u5b78\u570b\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u6240 &#038;nbs&hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=528\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4dxA5-8w","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/528\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}