{"id":538,"date":"2009-05-27T17:22:12","date_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=538"},"modified":"2009-05-27T17:22:12","modified_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:22:12","slug":"%e4%bb%8b%e7%b4%b9%e6%9c%89%e5%8a%9b%e8%80%8c%e7%9b%b8%e9%97%9c%e7%9a%84%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8-%e6%b1%9f%e5%a7%ae%e5%a7%ac%e6%92%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=538","title":{"rendered":"\u4ecb\u7d39\u6709\u529b\u800c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u64b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\u4ecb\u7d39\u6709\u529b\u800c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u535a\u4e00 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u524d\u8a00<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u53cd\u601d\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u672a\u4f86<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6aa2\u8996\u77e5\u8b58\u7bc4\u570d\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5728\u5b78\u79d1\u4e4b\u9593\u63a2\u7a76\u57fa\u790e\u6027\u800c\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u52a0\u5f37\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3001\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u601d\u8003\u77e5\u8b58\uff1a\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u3001\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3001\u8b8a\u52d5\u6027\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u8da8\u52e2\u3001\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff1b\u4e00\u908a\u662f\u66ab\u68f2\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u9593\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u5247\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u6b63\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u5178\u7bc4\u4e5f\u6b63\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u672c\u66f8\u53cd\u6620\u9019\u4e9b\u6311\u6230<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u6559\u5e2b\u4e00\u5929\u6545\u4e8b\u70ba\u958b\u982d\uff0d\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\uff0d\u8ff0\u8aaa\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8da8\u65bc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4f4d\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u800c\u7a31\u8077\u7684\u4e2d\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u975e\u5c08\u9577\u7684\u88dc\u6551\u6559\u5b78\u6578\u5b78\u8001\u5e2b\uff1b\u6559\u5b78\u7279\u8272\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6fc0\u52f5\u5b78\u751f\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u672a\u77e5\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u5b78\u751f\u601d\u8003\u56de\u7b54\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5e2b\u751f\u4e92\u52d5\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff1b\u91cd\u8996\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u8ab2\u6240\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5c0d\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u4e3b\u8981\u6558\u8aaaAndrea\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\uff1b\u6559\u5e2b\u91cd\u8996\u601d\u8003\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u751a\u65bc\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u91cd\u8996\uff1b\u80fd\u4ee5\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u601d\u8003\u70ba\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7701\u601d1\uff1a\u70ba\u4f55\u6578\u5b78\u8ab2\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6b77\u53f2\u8ab2\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u6709\u8da3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7701\u601d2\uff1a\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8207\u5beb\u5c0f\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6545\u4e8b\u8207\u539f\u6848\uff08protocols\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.Schwab\u8aaa\u300csomeone teaching something to someone else in some setting\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u5171\u901a\u9ede\uff08commonplaces\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff08why\uff1f\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u8349\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u5fae\u89c0\u6216\u5b8f\u89c0\u3001\u662f\u9304\u5f71\u5e36\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u8a18\u9304\u6216\u9304\u97f3\u5e36\u3001\u6216\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d00\u9304\u6216\u6210\u7e3e\u7d00\u9304<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3001\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7bc4\u7587\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3001\u662f\u6e2c\u9a57\u5047\u8a2d\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8a55\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u56db\uff09\u539f\u6848\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u54f2\u5b78<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u5ba4\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u500b\u5225\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u5bb6\u9577\u7b49\uff0c\u96c6\u4e2d\u7126\u9ede\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u884c\u70ba\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u5167\u90e8\u500b\u5225\u4e92\u52d5\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u5169\u96e3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\u900f\u8996Andrea\u7684\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u500b\u5225\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u6559\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u7126\u616e\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u6253\u6210\u7e3e\u7684\u512a\u67d4\u5be1\u65b7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

1.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u52d5\u6a5f\uff08\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u9077\u79fb\uff08\u5373\u5b78\u4ee5\u81f4\u7528\uff09\u8207\u52d5\u6a5f\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u9077\u79fb\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u8f49\u5316\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8b70\u984c\u90e8\u5206\u6d89\u53ca\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u539f\u5247\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6559\u5b78\u60c5\u5883\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6db5\u84cb\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u52d5\u6a5f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

2.\u6559\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u500b\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5167\u6db5\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u8996\u500b\u5225\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8001\u5e2b\u5b78\u751f\u500b\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u672c\u8cea<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6027\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u5f9e\u65e9\u671f\u6210\u4eba\u5230\u6210\u4eba\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u667a\u80fd\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u662f\u500b\u5225\u5728\u60c5\u610f\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u73ed\u4e0a\u6709\u5169\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u7121\u6cd5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u9032\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u8b49\u660e\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u6559\u5ba4\u570d\u7246\uff0c\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u793e\u6703\u76f8\u95dc<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

3.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u5b78\u79d1\uff08school subject\uff09\uff08\u5b78\u79d1\u8b8a\u9805\u5c0d\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u7f3a\u5c11\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u5b78\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

4.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u8a55\u91cf\uff08\u77e5\u60c5\u610f\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u8d85\u8d8a\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u52d5\u6a5f\u542b\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u8207\u5206\u7af6\u722d\u6027\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u8207\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u610f\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\u53ca\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u6b32\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u77e5\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u767c\u5c55<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u60c5\u662f\u6307\u60c5\u7dd2\u8aee\u5546<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u610f\u662f\u6307\u610f\u5fd7\u529b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u50b3\u7d71\u8a55\u91cf\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u8a55\u91cf\u5247\u6ce8\u91cd\u73ed\u7d1a\u8a55\u91cf\u3001\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u8a55\u91cf\u3001\u6a94\u6848\u8a55\u91cf\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u6027\u8a55\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

5.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\uff08\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u8a55\u9451\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u5df2\u901a\u904e\u521d\u4efb\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8003\u9a57\uff082\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5df2\u662f\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u5305\u62ec\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u82b1\u592a\u591a\u6642\u9593\u505a\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u6210\u9577\uff1b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\u662f\u6559\u5b78\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\u8ad6\u6559\u5e2b\u8a55\u9451<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u5e2b\u300c\u5c08\u696d\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u3001\u88ab\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u88ab\u80af\u5b9a\u3001\u80fd\u5316\u96e3\u70ba\u6613\u3001\u80fd\u5316\u89e3\u56f0\u96e3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

6.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u6559\u5e2b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u6210\u5c31\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrea\u767c\u73fe\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5e73\u8861<\/span><\/p>\n

\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u884c\u70ba\u5f15\u81f4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\u63a2\u7a76\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u61c9\u7528<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6559\u5b78\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u52d9<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u601d\u8003\u5373\u5e2d\u7684\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6c7a\u7b56<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u554f\u984c\u300c\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u601d\u8003\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u300d\uff1b\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u63a2\u8a0e\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\u8d77\u65bc\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78focus on learning\uff0c\u73fe\u4ecafocus on teching<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

7.\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff08\u6559\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u8207\u53f2\u54f2\u57fa\u790e\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u904e\u65bc\u5be6\u52d9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\uff08why\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u79d1\u76ee\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u52d9\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff1b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u79d1\u6280\u63f4\u52a9\uff1b\u4f46\u6b64\u90e8\u5206\u5728Andrea\u7684\u8077\u524d\u8a13\u7df4\u4e2d\u8f03\u4e0d\u53d7\u91cd\u8996<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6e90\u81ea\u53f2\u54f2\u7684\u57fa\u790e<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8981\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u8a6e\u91cb\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u89e3Andrea\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5e7e\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u900f\u8996\u93e1\uff0c\u5982\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7b49\uff0c\u770b\u93e1\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u5be6\u52d9\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0d\u5728\u60c5\u5883\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u67b6\u69cb\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u6027\u5411\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u7b49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7167\u4eae\u500b\u5225\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8a8d\u77e5\u4eba\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u793e\u6703\u7684\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u8108\u7d61\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u65bc\u5be6\u52d9\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u50cf\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8f49\u63db\u5230\u5b78\u6821\u5be6\u52d9\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff1b\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u8108\u7d61\u7684\u79d1\u5b78<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u5169\u9805\u7279\u8cea\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u696d\u672c\u8cea\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u548c\u6559\u5e2b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u5be6\u52d9\u667a\u6167\u4e2d\u7372\u5229<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

2.\u8108\u7d61\u8207\u6b77\u53f2<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25ce1890-1920\u91cd\u8996field setting\uff081\uff09\u7f8e\u570b\u4e09\u5927\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6James, Hall, Dewey\uff1b\uff082\uff09Thorndike\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6025\u907d\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u505a\u5be6\u8b49\u63a2\u7a76\uff1b\u88ab\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6Ellwood Cubberly\u8b7d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u79d1\u5b78\uff08the master science of education\uff09\u300d\uff1b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25ce1930-1960\u91cd\u8996\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4ecd\u5f37\u8abf\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u5883\u88e1\u7814\u7a76\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5982\u6559\u5e2b\u8a55\u9451\u8207\u6559\u5e2b\u8cc7\u683c\uff09\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b\u67b6\u69cb\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u518d\u5efa\u69cb\uff1b1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6230\u722d\u8ca2\u737b\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u5411\u6e2c\u9a57\u3001\u4eba\u4e8b\u9078\u7528\u8207\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u8a13\u7df4\u591a\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6210\u4eba\u591a\u65bc\u5c0f\u5b69\uff1b\u5be6\u52d9\u591a\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\uff1b1950\u5e74\u4ee3Sputnik\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8f49\u800c\u95dc\u5fc3\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u751f\u7522\u529b\uff0c\u91cd\u8996\u5be6\u52d9\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u6027\u5b78\u7fd2\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u8a2d\u8a08<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u25ce1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f9e\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8f49\u5230\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5f8c\u8a2d\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u5e2b\u6c7a\u7b56\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f9e\u734e\u61f2\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8f49\u70ba\u6b78\u56e0\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u52dd\u4efb\u611f\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u6cc9\u6e90\u7b49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

3.\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u554f\u984c\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u5408<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u6539\u8b8a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7406\u8ad6\u542b\u6587\u737b\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u542b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5fae\u578b\u7406\u8ad6\uff08minitheories\uff09\u7684\u8208\u8d77<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f9e\u91cf\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5230\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f9e\u7d71\u8a08\u5206\u6790\u5230\u8b49\u64da\u8a6e\u91cb\uff08\u5982\u6b21\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6790\uff1b1\u5206\u8b49\u64da\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b1b10\u5206\u8a71\uff1b\u5982\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3001\u6279\u5224\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5f9e\u5047\u8a2d\u9a57\u8b49\uff08confirmertery research \uff09\u5230\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u8cc7\u6599\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff086\uff09    <\/span><\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\u9078\u7528\u8981\u5207\u5408\u793e\u6703\u8207\u7269\u7406\u60c5\u5883\uff08\u6642\u7a7a\u74b0\u5883\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

4.\u6559\u80b2\u5373\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\uff08\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u65bc\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u6559\u80b2\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u7a7a\u6f14\u8b8a\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u5b78\u6821\u7ba1\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u8003\u8a66\u8207\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u6b0a\u5a01\u9010\u6f38\u53d7\u640d\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u9010\u6f38\u64f4\u589e\u3001\u968e\u5c64\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u9010\u6f38\u8907\u96dc\u3001\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u5efa\u7acb\uff08\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u8b8a\u9077\u589e\u52a0\u5167\u6db5\u3001\u64f4\u5145\u89d2\u8272\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u52aa\u529b\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u6703\u5747\u7b49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u662f\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u3001\u805a\u7126\u7684\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u8996\u91ce\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6559\u5e2b\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u9069\u6027\u5316\u5c08\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u5340\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff1bVygotsky\u6709\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u652f\u6301Dewey\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u54c1\u8cea\u8207\u5747\u7b49\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\uff08\u6559\u5e2b\u89d2\u8272\u8abf\u6574\uff09\uff08\u6559\u5b78\u91cd\u5fc3\u8f49\u63db\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09\u8a55\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u671d\u5411\u751f\u7522\u52dd\u904e\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\uff08\u8a55\u91cf\u8da8\u52e2\u6539\u8b8a\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff086\uff0950\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u4fee\u8a02<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\uff08\u516d\uff09\u672c\u66f8\u6982\u8981<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u672c\u66f8\u8a66\u5716\u5e73\u8861\u5169\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5be6\u52d9\u8b70\u984c\u53ca\u4ee5\u8a8d\u77e5\u8d85\u8d8a\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u8a8d\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u5747\u6709\u8ad6\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u672c\u66f8\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4ee5Schwab\u7684\u5171\u901a\u9ede\uff08\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3001\u8001\u5e2b\u3001\u5167\u5bb9\uff09\u505a\u70ba\u7d44\u7e54\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u90fd\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u5be6\u52d9\u505a\u7c21\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\u4ecb\u7d39\uff1b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8b70\u984c\u8207\u5e73\u8861\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u4f8b\u8b49<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u7576\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7279\u8272<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u518d\u5ea6\u91cd\u8996<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u8a8d\u77e5\u662f\u7576\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u6d41<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u56db\u5927\u9762\u5411\uff1a\u5b78\u751f-\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u7279\u8cea\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b-\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6559\u5e2b-\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u60c5\u5883-\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8207\u5236\u5ea6\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5fc3\u5f97<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u6eff\u591a\u5143\u9762\u5411\u7684\u8907\u5408\u9ad4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u5b78\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u516b\u9762\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u591a\u9762\uff09\u73b2\u74cf\u7684\u6c34\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9762\u5411\u5747\u81f3\u5c11\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u6559\u5e2b\u5728\u6559\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u5247\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u9762\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5206\u6790\u6559\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u7684\u9996\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8a55\u91cf\u61c9\u8d85\u8d8a\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u8a55\u91cf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u9806\u61c9\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u70ba\u5e8f\u8a00\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u6545\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u7279\u8272\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u9762\u6559\u5b78\u7279\u8272\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5c0b\u6c42\u53c3\u8003\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

980519\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7b46\u8a18<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5be6\u52d9\u8207\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6700\u65e9\u53d7\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc19\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6d3e\u5178\u5f15\u5c0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8d70\u5165\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u672c\u6587\u70ba1996\u5e74\u51fa\u7248<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What questions are reflected<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5171\u901a\u5167\u6db5-\u6559\u5fc3\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u56db\u5927\u8981\u7d20\uff08\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u63d0\u4f9b\u54ea\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Schwab\uff1aSomeone\uff08\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u6559\u6750\u8f49\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\uff09 teaching\uff08\u52d5\u4f5c\uff09 something\uff08\u6559\u6750\uff09 to someone else\uff08\u5b78\u751f\uff09 in some setting\uff08\u60c5\u5883\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u7a2e\u65cf\u793e\u6703\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u88e1\u7684\u662f\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\uff08individual diferrences\uff09\u8207\u591a\u5143\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7df4\u7fd2\u5f9e\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u8a9e\u8a00\u5e36\u5165\u5c08\u696d\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1b\u5f9e\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u5f15\u51fa\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u539f\u7406\u539f\u5247<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

<\/span><\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7d39\u6709\u529b\u800c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78 \u535a\u4e00 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec \u4e00\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a \u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u300c\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u767e… Continue Reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4dxA5-8G","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/538\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}