{"id":539,"date":"2009-05-27T17:19:32","date_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=539"},"modified":"2009-05-27T17:19:32","modified_gmt":"2009-05-27T09:19:32","slug":"%e5%89%b5%e9%80%a0%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%ef%bc%8d%e8%88%87james-stigler-%e7%9a%84%e5%b0%8d%e8%a9%b1-%e6%b1%9f%e5%a7%ae%e5%a7%ac%e6%92%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=539","title":{"rendered":"\u5275\u9020\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0d\u8207James Stigler \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u64b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5275\u9020\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0d\u8207James Stigler \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u535a\u4e00 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u662f\u4f5c\u8005Scott Willis\u8a2a\u8ac7\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u6709\u95dc\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u9032\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fc2\u5f59\u6574\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u554f\u53caStigler\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u6211\u7684\u7591\u554f\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\uff1f<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb5-10\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u904e\u53bb\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u5b78\u7fd2\u8981\u6c42\u8a55\u91cf\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u5c0d\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u8981\u6c42\u8868\u73fe\u6a19\u6e96<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u52d9\u5fc5\u8207\u6559\u5e2b\u5be6\u52d9\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u5fc5\u9808\u5efa\u57fa\u65bc\u6559\u5e2b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u672c\u4f4d\u3001\u9577\u671f\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u9031\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u3001\u8ab2\u7a0b\u672c\u4f4d<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

4.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6539\u9032\u5b78\u751f\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b78\u751f\u9054\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u5be6\u52d9<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u5be6\u52d9\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u6d3b\u52d5\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u6821\u5916\u800c\u975e\u6821\u5167<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8207\u6559\u5e2b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7121\u95dc<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7814\u7a76\u672c\u4f4d\u7cbe\u795e<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

4.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u6559\u5e2b\u4e0d\u611f\u89ba\u53d7\u7528<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6559\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u5b78\u751a\u9ebc<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u61c9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u8b93\u6559\u5e2b\u5b78\u7fd2\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u6790\u5be6\u52d9<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6559\u5e2b\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6aa2\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u5b78<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/font>    <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6559\u5e2b\u9078\u7528\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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1.\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u5c0d\u8a71<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u6559\u5b78\u89c0\u5bdf\u505a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u8207\u5426<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u56de\u994b\u5f8c\u7684\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u7d30\u7bc0\u7684\u50f9\u503c<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u9700\u9762\u5c0d\u54ea\u4e9b\u6311\u6230<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u6559\u5e2b\u9700\u5b78\u7fd2\u8207\u540c\u5115\u5408\u4f5c<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u6559\u5e2b\u61c9\u8996\u6559\u5b78\u70ba\u516c\u958b\u5316\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u4ee5\u73ed\u7d1a\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u70ba\u672c\u4f4d<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u8996\u6559\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u5275\u9020\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u5883<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u80fd\u7d66\u4e88\u6559\u5e2b\u6539\u9032\u7684\u6a5f\u6703<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u9700\u96c6\u5408\u6559\u5b78\u9304\u5f71\u5e36\u4ee5\u96c6\u5408\u4e26\u7d44\u7e54\u6559\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u6559\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u8cb4\u65bc\u6d41\u901a\u8207\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u6559\u5e2b\u9858\u610f\u62cd\u651d\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u5b78\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u6539\u9032\u6559\u5b78\u54c1\u8cea<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

10.\u767c\u5c55\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u50b3\u7d71\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u5e2b\u6587\u5316<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

11.\u8207\u5176\u6539\u9032\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4fc3\u9032\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\uff1a1.\u9078\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4eba\uff1b2.\u505a\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u589e\u6b0a\u8ce6\u80fd\uff0c\u6539\u9032\u6559\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u80fd\u529b\uff1b3.\u6539\u9032\u6559\u5e2b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

12.\u5efa\u69cb\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5206\u4eab\u6559\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u63d0<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

13.\u7531\u5b78\u6821\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u54e1\u5354\u52a9\u4ee5\u7d50\u679c\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\uff0c\u7531\u5b78\u6821\u7d44\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u9ad4\uff08lesson study groups\uff09\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u5730\u767c\u5c55site-based \u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

14.\u5584\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u672c\u4f4d\u6559\u80b2\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u5168\u570b\u6027\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u4ee5\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u63d0\u5347\u6559\u5e2b\u6559\u5b78\u54c1\u8cea<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6211\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u8207\u7591\u554f<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

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\u5f9eStigler\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u662f\u638c\u63a7\u6559\u5b78\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u69cb\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u6559\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0cStigler\u4e26\u4ee5\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cbe\u795e\u63d0\u51fa\u5177\u9ad4\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u843d\u5be6\u6821\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6a19\u6e96\u672c\u4f4d\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u900f\u904e\u6578\u4f4d\u79d1\u6280\u5206\u4eab\u4e26\u4ea4\u6d41\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e3b\u984c\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u5b78\u6821\u8207TIMSS\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4ee5\u70ba\u82e5\u8981\u8b93\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u5efa\u69cb\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5e2b\u57f9\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u570b\u5167\u7576\u5e74\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e00\u8cab\u8ab2\u7a0b\u6539\u9769\u5be6\u65bd\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u5b78\u6821\u73fe\u5834\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5f8c\u6240\u9020\u6210\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e2b\u57f9\u55ae\u4f4d\u8207\u5b78\u6821\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u963b\u7919\u6587\u5316\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7d46\u8173\u77f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4ee5\u70ba\u82e5\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u672c\u6587\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5e2b\u57f9\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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Stigler\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ee5\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u793e\u7fa4\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u6559\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\uff1b\u518d\u4ee5\u6578\u4f4d\u7db2\u8def\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5206\u4eab\u8207\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u69cb\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u9593\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9805\u66f4\u7d30\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u662f\u8ab0\u4f86\u7d44\u7e54\u9019\u4e9b\u6559\u5e2b\u5011\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u7531\u8ab0\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u51fa\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6559\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u7522\u751f\u5171\u8b58\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u52a3\u3002<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5275\u9020\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0d\u8207James Stigler \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71 \u535a\u4e00 \u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec \u4e00\u3001\u4e3b\u65e8\uff1a … Continue Reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4dxA5-8H","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/539\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}