{"id":661,"date":"2008-12-22T01:18:44","date_gmt":"2008-12-21T17:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=661"},"modified":"2008-12-22T01:18:44","modified_gmt":"2008-12-21T17:18:44","slug":"%e6%b1%9f%e5%a7%ae%e5%a7%ac%e8%91%97%e4%bd%9c%ef%bc%9a%e5%b0%8f%e6%8f%90%e7%90%b4%e5%b0%8f%e5%9c%98%e9%ab%94%e6%95%99%e5%ad%b8%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%b8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/?p=661","title":{"rendered":"\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u8457\u4f5c\uff1a\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76(\u4e00)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u6559\u6388   \u767c\u8868\u65bc<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff08\u4e5d\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\uff09<\/span>97<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>122  <\/span><\/font>\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec<\/font><\/span>*<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6458<\/span>    <\/span><\/span>\u8981<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5f9e\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\uff08<\/span>individualized instruction<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u9032\u884c\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u5f9e\u6587\u737b\u63a2\u8a0e\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u4e4b\u6e90\u8d77\u8207\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f9d\u6642\u7a0b\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u5206\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u300c\u840c\u82bd\u671f\u300d\u8207\u958b\u59cb\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684<\/span>1970<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u70ba\u300c\u8301\u58ef\u671f\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u56db\u7a2e\u53d6\u5411\uff1a<\/span>1.<\/span>\u91cd\u8996\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6f14\u594f\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u8207\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002<\/span>2.<\/span>\u91cd\u8996\u91cd\u594f\u8207\u5408\u594f\u4e4b\u904b\u7528\u3002<\/span>3.<\/span>\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u672c\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u98a8\u683c\u3002<\/span>4.<\/span>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5718\u9ad4\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u904b\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u7b46\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u6559\u5b78\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u5718\u9ad4\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5617\u8a66\u4e0d\u540c\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u900f\u904e\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\u9054\u6210\u500b\u5225\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u6cd5\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u3001\u7b56\u7565\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u5bb6\u9577\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u3001\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5e2b\u61c9\u5177\u5099\u4e4b\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u671f\u671b\u6b64\u4e00\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u4f86\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u5408\u4f5c\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7531\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u64f4\u5c55\u70ba\u5927\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\uff1b\u7531\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u64f4\u5c55\u70ba\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u64f4\u5c55\u6a02\u5668\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u4e4b\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

\u95dc\u9375\u8a5e\uff1a\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u3001\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u3001\u6a02\u5668\u6559\u5b78<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


<\/span> <\/p>\n

<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff08\u4e5d\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\uff09<\/span>97<\/span>\uff5e<\/span>122<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/span>\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7814\u7a76<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec<\/font><\/span>*<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\u58f9\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u76ee\u7684<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u6a5f<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u96a8\u8457\u5927\u773e\u5316\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u6821\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff08<\/span>Fletcher, 1989<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u97f3\u6a02\u79d1\u6559\u6750\u6559\u6cd5\u5728\u5b78\u79d1\u8ab2\u7a0b\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5404\u570b\u97f3\u6a02\u5bb6\u4e0d\u7d04\u800c\u540c\u5730\u5728\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u524d\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u6d41\u884c\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u300c\u67ef\u5927\u5b9c\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\uff08<\/span>The Kod\u00e0ly method<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u300c\u9234\u6728\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\uff08<\/span>The Suzuki Method<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u300c\u9054\u514b\u7f85\u8332\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\uff08<\/span>The Darcloze Method<\/span>\uff09\u53ca\u300c\u5967\u798f\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\uff08<\/span>The Orff Method<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u5171\u540c\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u4ee5\u5152\u7ae5\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u5152\u7ae5\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9078\u53d6\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7531\u6559\u5e2b\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u70ba\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u65bc\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u611f\u53d7\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\uff0c\u8a8d\u77e5\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5275\u4f5c\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u666e\u53ca\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u60df\u7368\u300c\u9234\u6728\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\uff0c\u70ba\u9054\u6210\u500b\u5225\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5176\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u5f0f\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u9031\u4e00\u6b21\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u53ca\u97f3\u6a02\u6703\u70ba\u8f14\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9234\u6728\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u662f\u9996\u5275\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u5c07\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u5f0f\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u5118\u7ba1\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u5df2\u662f\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u97f3\u6a02\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6a02\u5668\u6559\u5b78\u4ecd\u5fc5\u9808\u4ef0\u8cf4\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u5927\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6a02\u5668\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5247\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u88ab\u4e2d\u5916\u97f3\u6a02\u5bb6\u5011\u6240\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u7d30\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u3002<\/span>1932<\/span>\u5e74<\/span>Cheyette<\/span>\u66fe\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u3001\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\uff08<\/span>homogeneous<\/span>\uff09\u8207\u300c\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\uff08<\/span>heterogeneous<\/span>\uff09\u4e09\u7a2e\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f03\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f03\u96e3\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5e2b\u8cc7\u4e5f\u8f03\u96e3\u6c42\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6559\u5e2b\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u9808\u6703\u6f14\u594f\u6a02\u5668\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u8a13\u7df4\u624d\u80fd\u52dd\u4efb\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\uff08\u6d2a\u842c\u9686\uff0c\u6c11<\/span>84<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u4f9d\u64da<\/span>Cheyette<\/span>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f03\u80fd\u6fc0\u767c\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u52d5\u6a5f\uff08\u6d2a\u842c\u9686\uff0c\u6c11<\/span>84<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b46\u8005\u4ee5\u70ba\u64d4\u4efb\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8981\u7cbe\u901a\u4e3b\u4fee\u6a02\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u64d4\u4efb\u5176\u4ed6\u6a02\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u63d0\u7434\u548c\u5927\u63d0\u7434\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u5c0d\u8001\u5e2b\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8981\u6c42\u5ee3\u5ea6\u8f03\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u70ba\u9ad8\u3002\u5f9e\u6559\u5e2b\u6559\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u300c\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u6700\u70ba\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u300c\u6df7\u5408\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u6700\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u4ee5\u70ba\u82e5\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u61c9\u5148\u5f9e\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\u5148\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u5efa\u7acb\u8f03\u70ba\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c<\/span>Gagn\u00e8<\/span>\u66fe\u4f9d\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u591a\u5be1\u5c07\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u7a2e\u578b\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5169\u4eba\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\uff08<\/span>two-person group<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6559\u5e2b\u6307\u5c0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u5c6c\u65bc\u500b\u5225\u6307\u5c0e\uff08<\/span>tutoring<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u5f0f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u300c\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\uff08<\/span>small group<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u5927\u7d04\u4e09\u81f3\u516b\u540d\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u9032\u884c\u4e92\u76f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u89c0\u6469\u8a55\u9451\u578b\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u53c8\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u4e92\u76f8\u8ff0\u8aaa\u300d\uff08<\/span>interactive recitation<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u300c\u5927\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\uff08<\/span>large group<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u5728<\/span>15<\/span>\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u6f14\u8aaa\u5f0f\u3001\u767c\u8868\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u7a2e\u662f\u4eba\u6578\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\uff08<\/span>very large group<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\uff08<\/span>Gagn\u00e8, 1992<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5169\u4eba\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\uff09\uff0c<\/span>Gagn\u00e8<\/span>\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5e2b\u53ea\u8981\u6307\u5c0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u638c\u63a7\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91dd\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u500b\u5225\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5f48\u6027\u8abf\u6574\u6559\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08<\/span>flexible adjustment of instructional events<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u9664\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u5247\u56e0\u70ba\u6559\u5e2b\u6559\u5b78\u6642\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u8f03\u96e3\u638c\u63a7\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5bb9\u6613\u9762\u81e8\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7a2e\u56f0\u5883\uff1a<\/span>1.<\/span>\u8f03\u96e3\u91dd\u5c0d\u500b\u5225\u5b78\u751f\u505a\u4ed4\u7d30\u800c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\uff1b<\/span>2.<\/span>\u6559\u5b78\u6642\u9593\u8f03\u96e3\u638c\u63a7\uff1b<\/span>3.<\/span>\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u4e2d\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>Gagn\u00e8, 1992<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u662f\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u578b\u614b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8b8a\u9077\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u773e\u5316\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u5927\u73ed\u7d1a\u6559\u5b78\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u514b\u670d\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e26\u9069\u61c9\u5b78\u751f\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u6607\u6559\u5b78\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u5373\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u7522\u751f\u5404\u7a2e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u51f1\u52d2\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<\/span>Personalized System of Instruction<\/span>\uff09\u662f\u5f37\u8abf\u5b78\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u901f\uff08<\/span>self-paced<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u5b78\uff1b\u5e03\u9b6f\u59c6\u7684\u7cbe\u719f\u5b78\u7fd2\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<\/span>Learing of Mastery<\/span>\uff09\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u73ed\u7d1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff08\u6797\u5bf6\u5c71\uff0c\u6c11<\/span>77<\/span>\u3001<\/span>79<\/span>\uff09\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u6559\u5b78\uff08<\/span>computer-asisted instruction<\/span>\uff09\u3001\u65b9\u6848\u6559\u5b78\uff08<\/span>programmed instruction<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6e2c\u9a57\uff08<\/span>self-tests<\/span>\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u9069\u61c9\u5b78\u751f\u500b\u5225\u72c0\u6cc1\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\u4e26\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u65bc\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\uff0c\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff08<\/span>Gagn\u00e8, 1992<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u570b\u5167\u9ec3\u8f14\u68e0\u6709\u611f\u65bc\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6559\u5b78\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u884c\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u8207\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c<\/span>10<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u958b\u59cb\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u5718\u9ad4\u8ab2\u65b9\u5f0f\u6559\u6388\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\uff0c\u4e26\u5275\u7acb\u300c\u9ec3\u9418\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\u5be6\u9a57\uff08\u9ec3\u8f14\u68e0\uff0c\u6c11<\/span>88<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u7b46\u8005\u5247\u65bc\u6c11\u570b<\/span>86<\/span>\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u9ec3\u8f14\u68e0\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a1\u884c\u4ee5\u5718\u9ad4\u8ab2\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0a\u8ab2\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u9ec3\u9418\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u52d5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u9032\u884c\u300c\u540c\u9805\u6a02\u5668\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u300d\uff0d\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u7684\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u56db\u5e74\u591a\u4f86\u5617\u8a66\u6027\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u611f\u89ba\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u7fa4\u6027\u5316\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5316\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u5b78\u7434\u6709\u4f34\u300d\u7684\u6709\u5229\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u767c\u4e26\u6301\u7e8c\u5b78\u751f\u5c0d\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u63a8\u5ee3\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6f14\u594f\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b64\u985e\u63a8\u64f4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6a02\u5668\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u6559\u5b78\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
\u8aa0\u5982<\/span>Gagn\u00e8<\/span>\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u8f03\u591a\u8f03\u96e3\u638c\u63a7\u500b\u5225\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u4e2d\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08<\/span>1992<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b46\u8005\u4ee5\u70ba\u8981\u6539\u9032\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u63d0\u6607\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u61c9\u512a\u5148\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u4e09\u81f3\u516b\u540d\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6559\u5e2b\u80fd\u78ba\u5be6\u638c\u63a7\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5b78\u7fd2\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u904b\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u6559\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u5225\u5b78\u751f\u9054\u6210\u500b\u5225\u5316\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u63d0\u6607\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u9054\u6210\u500b\u5225\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5b78\u751f\u56e0\u6559\u5e2b\u6559\u5b78\u4eba\u6578\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u4e2d\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u500b\u5225\u9069\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u5145\u5206\u9054\u6210\u6a02\u5668\u6f14\u594f\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u9032\u800c\u8b93\u5b78\u751f\u9078\u64c7\u9069\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u60c5\u5883\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0d\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u6216\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u6559\u5b78\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u5f0f\u300c\u5169\u4eba\u5718\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u500b\u5225\u6559\u5b78\u578b\u614b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5718\u9ad4\u8ab2\u65b9\u5f0f\u6559\u6388\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u3002<\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
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\u4e8c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n
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1.<\/span>\u5f9e\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u5617\u8a66\u904b\u7528\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6559\u5b78\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u9054\u6210\u500b\u5225\u5316\u6559\u5b78\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
2.<\/span>\u5f9e\u5be6\u969b\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a66\u64ec\u51fa\u64d4\u4efb\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5718\u9ad4\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u61c9\u5177\u5099\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n
3.<\/span>\u5f9e\u5be6\u969b\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u9ede\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\n<\/font><\/p>\n
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*<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\uff1a\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7cfb\u517c\u4efb\u8b1b\u5e2b<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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*<\/font><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\uff1a\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\u97f3\u6a02\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7cfb\u517c\u4efb\u8b1b\u5e2b<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6c5f\u59ee\u59ec\u6559\u6388   \u767c\u8868\u65bc \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u5317\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u5377\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f… Continue Reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4dxA5-aF","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/661"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=661"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/661\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.ndsc.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}